统考大学英语B考试大纲(2013年修订版)
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统考大学英语B考试大纲(2013年修订版) 本文简介:《大学英语》
I
交际用语
5个简短对话
单项选择
5
3
15
5
II
阅读理解
2篇短文,每篇5道题
正误判断、单项选择
10
2
20
20
III
词汇与结构
5个单句
单项选择
5
2
10
10
IV
完型填空
1篇短文
单项选择
5
3
15
10
V
英译汉
6个单句
笔译
6
5
30
20
VI
写作
1篇作文
命题作文
1
10
10
25
总
计
32
100
90
考试方式与时间
考试为机考闭卷考试,满分为100分,时间为90分钟。
2
题型示例
大学英语
此部分共有5个未完成的对话,针对每个对话中未完成的部分有4个选项,请从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出正确选项。
1.—
Hello,could
I
speak
to
Mr.
Smith,please?
—
_________________________
A.
Who
are
you?B.
Who’s
there?
C.
Who
could
I
help?D.
Who’s
that
speaking?
2.—
I
believe
we’ve
met
somewhere
before.
—
No,____________________.
A.
it
isn’t
the
sameB.
it
can’t
be
true
C.
I
don’t
think
soD.
I’d
rather
not
3.
—
How
are
you,Bob?
—
_______
A.
How
are
you?
B.
I’m
fine.
Thank
you.
C.
How
do
you
do?
D.
Nice
to
meet
you.
4.—
Thanks
for
your
help.
—
__________
A.
My
pleasure.
B.
Never
mind.
C.
Quite
right.
D.
Don’t
thank
me.
5.
—
Hello,I’m
Harry
Potter.
—
Hello,my
name
is
Charles
Green,but
______.
A.
call
my
Charles
B.
call
me
at
Charles
C.
call
me
Charles
D.
call
Charles
me
第二部分:阅读理解
此部分共有2篇短文,第一篇短文后有5个问题。请从每个问题后的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出正确选项。
第二篇短文后有5个正、误判断题,请选择T或F.
Passage
1
The
United
States
covers
a
large
part
of
the
North
American
continent.
Its
neighbors
are
Canada
to
the
north
and
Mexico
to
the
south.
Although
the
United
States
is
a
big
country,it
is
not
the
largest
in
the
world.
In
2000,its
population
was
over
222
million.
When
this
land
first
became
a
nation,after
winning
its
independence
from
England,it
had
thirteen
states.
Each
of
the
states
was
represented
on
the
American
flag
by
a
star.
All
these
states
were
in
the
eastern
part
of
the
continent.
As
the
nation
grew
toward
the
west,new
states
were
added
and
new
stars
appeared
on
the
flag.
For
a
long
time,there
were
48
stars.
In
195
9,however,two
more
stars
were
added
to
the
flag,representing
the
new
states
of
Alaska
and
Hawaii.
Indians
were
the
first
people
of
the
land
which
is
now
the
United
States.
There
are
still
many
thousands
of
Indians
now
living
in
all
parts
of
the
country.
Sometimes
it
is
said
that
the
Indians
are
“the
only
real
Americans”.
Most
Americans
come
from
all
over
the
world.
Those
who
came
first
in
greatest
numbers
to
make
their
homes
on
the
eastern
coast
of
North
America
were
mostly
from
England.
It
is
for
that
reason
that
the
language
of
the
United
States
is
English
and
that
its
culture
and
customs
are
more
like
those
of
England
than
those
of
any
other
country
in
the
world.
6.
Which
of
the
following
is
TRUE?
A.
America
is
the
largest
country
in
the
world.
B.
The
United
States
lies
next
to
Canada
and
Mexico.
C.
America
covers
most
part
of
the
North
American
continent.
D.
Mexico
is
to
the
north
of
Canada.
7.
After
winning
its
independence,the
United
States
_________.
A.
had
nothing
to
do
with
England
B.
made
India
part
of
its
land
C.
mainly
developed
westward
D.
took
over
parts
of
Canada
and
Mexico
8.The
United
States
didn’t
have
______
states
until
________.
A.
thirteen;
1959
B.
fifty;
1959
C.
fifty;
this
land
first
became
a
nation
D.
fifty;
1964
9.
Why
is
English
the
language
of
America?
A.
Because
English
is
the
native
language
of
the
Indians.
B.
Because
most
Americans
come
from
all
over
the
world.
C.
Because
Canada
is
America’s
nearest
neighbor.
D.
Because
most
of
the
people
who
first
settled
in
America
were
from
England.
10.
The
best
title
for
the
passage
is
“_________”.
A.
the
States
of
America
B.
The
language
of
America
C.
The
United
States
of
America
D.
The
Culture
and
Customs
of
America
Passage
2
There
was
once
an
ant
that
was
very
thirsty.
It
ran
here
and
there
looking
for
some
water
but
could
not
find
any.
Then
suddenly,when
the
ant
was
almost
ready
to
die
of
thirst,a
large
drop
of
water
fell
on
it.
The
ant
drank
the
water,which
saved
its
life.
The
water
was
actually
a
tear
from
a
young
girl
who
was
crying.
Because
of
her
sadness,the
tear
had
magical
qualities
and
suddenly
the
ant
could
speak
the
language
of
human
beings.
The
ant
looked
up
and
saw
the
young
girl
sitting
in
front
of
a
huge
pile
of
seeds.
“Why
are
you
sad?“asked
the
ant.
“I
m
the
prisoner
of
a
giant.“the
girl
told
the
ant.
“He
won
t
let
me
go
until
I
ve
made
three
separate
heaps
of
grain,barley
此部分共有5个未完成的句子,针对每个句子中未完成的部分有4个选项,请从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出正确选项。
16.I
tried
to
put
_____
a
telephone
call
to
him,but
his
line
was
always
busy.
A.
overB.
intoC.
awayD.
through
17.I
hadn’t
seen
him
for
years,but
I
______________
his
voice
on
the
telephone.
A.
realizedB.
recognizedC.
discoveredD.
heard
18.Neither
Bill
nor
his
parents
__________
at
home.
A.
isB.
hasC.
areD.
was
19.If
you
don’t
want
to
get
wet,you
had
better
________
this
umbrella
with
you.
A.
takeB.
to
takeC.
takenD.
for
taking
20.
Did
you
notice
the
guy
______
head
looked
like
a
big
potato?
A.
who
B.
whichC.
whose
D.
whom
第四部分:完型填空
以下短文中共包含5个未完成的句子,针对每个句子中空缺部分有5个选项,请从A、B、C、D、E五个选项中选出正确选项。
Last
night,a
fire
broke
out
in
Ann
s
house
in
Manchester.
Ann
s
parents
were
out
of
town
for
the
weekend
when
something
wrong
in
the
room
caused
the
fire
to
21
in
the
middle
of
the
night.
The
girl
was
waken
up
by
the
family
dog,Danny,who
was
barking
loudly
in
the
back
garden.
Ann
smelled
something
22
_.
She
got
up
and
at
once
ran
through
the
smoke-filled
house
to
wake
her
old
brother,Frank.
When
Frank
would
not
wake
up,Ann
got
some
help
from
the
dog.
Frank
s
unconscious
body
was
far
too
23
for
the
little
girl
to
move
alone,but
the
clever
girl
brought
the
dog
inside
and
24
the
dog
s
leash
请把下列6句英文翻译成中文。
26.
I
will
finish
reading
this
book
in
a
week.
27.
You
should
look
around
before
you
cross
the
street.
28.
Tom’s
father
has
taught
English
here
since
he
graduated
from
Peking
University.
29.
Please
give
this
book
to
whoever
comes
first.
30.
Though
it
was
late,they
kept
on
working.
31.
Apples
here
like
water
and
sunshine.
第六部分:写作
要求在30分钟内,根据下面所给的题目和中文提纲用英语写出一篇不少于80词的短文。
工作申请
1.
写明申请的职位。
2.
陈述你的相关学习、工作经历。
3.
联系方法。
大学英语
1.
D2.C3.B
4.A
5.C
第二部分:阅读理解
6.
B
7.
C8.
B
9.D10.C
11.B
12.A
13.B
14.A
15.A
第三部分:词汇和结构
16.
D17.
B
18.
C
19.
A
20.C
第四部分:完型填空
21.
C
22.
B
23.
A
24.
E
25.
D
第五部分:英译汉
26.
我将在一周内读完这本书。
27.在过马路之前,你应该向四周看看。
28.汤姆的父亲从北京大学毕业后就一直在这里教英语。
29.请把这本书给最先来的人。
30.尽管已经很晚了,他们还在继续工作。
31.
这里的苹果喜欢水和阳光。
第六部分:写作
一、
基本原则
1.
按照文章先后顺序出题,如果没有顺序则要找到定位词
2.
考点唯一原则
3.
不涉及逻辑而考语言理解
4.
不能加入个人看法
二、TRUE题的特征
1.题目是原文的同义表达
2.题目是对原文的归纳总结
三、FALSE题的特征
1.
数字精确性
2.肯定与否定
3.多与唯一
4.可能性与绝对性
四、NOT
GIVEN题的特征
1.
题目内容在原文完全未提到
2.
题目内容在原文部分未提到
3.
原文及题目只提到单一事物或者是状态的only题
4.
题目就事物的本质进行是非判断,而原文为第三者对该事物的评述或感知
5.
原文提到两个事物,但是没有在同一段落内表述,而题目涉及两者的关系
6.
两个事物在题目中是比较关系,而原文只提到其中任何一部分
7.
原文有发誓、决心、许诺、目的等表示状态的限定词,而题目去掉以上的限定成分
8.
其他情况
(二)第二部分——阅读判断题
阅读判断题在试题中是第16-22题(每题1分、共7题、共7分),考试内容是根据给出的一篇短文提供的信息,对7个陈述句做出判断:Right(对),
Wrong(错),
Not
Mentioned(未提及)。也就是在
A、对,
B、错,
C、未提及,三个选项中选一个正确的答案。由于不类题目本身是不完善、不严密,存在着一定的缺陷,所以,做起来很容易模棱两可,较难把握。最麻烦的是,判断对、错及不提及,仅就原文所给的信息做出,与生活常识、平时知识理论没有任何关系,所以容易误导我们做出错误判断。
在没有把握读懂原文的情况下,只有抓住大多数选项的规律,并掌握做题技巧,才能争取多选择正确的选项和多拿分。由于这类题是是非题,只要确定了一个选项就行了,所以,我们只需要根据原文的信息对给出的陈述句做出是非判断就行了。
1、做题步骤技巧:
做题总思路:先看各选项给出的陈述句内容并找出其关键词,接着浏览原文找出与陈述句关键词相关的句子或陈述句的出处位置,最后根据原文文意和其规律进行对比并做出是非判断。
(1)第一步:仔细考究和确定各陈述句内容的关键词。
对不认识的关键词可直接查字典。
关键词的确定可根据:一是名词(含专有名词)或名词性短语;二是形容词、副词与其短语及其比较级;三是数字和年代;四是在文章中出现较少的前三项单词;
五是一目了然、容易找并有利于确定答案的单词;六是陈述句的中心词;七是短语优先于单词作为关键词;八是数字和比较级优先于其原级与其它单词;九是文章标题中的、文章出现较多的单词以及动词一般不是关键词。
(2)第二步:从头到尾快速游览原文,根据关键词找出与该陈述句关系最密切(关联)的原文句子(可能是一句或几句话),或是句型相似、意思相同(相近、相反)。
方法是:一是将关键词与原文的每段话第一句、中间句或最后一句相对照,把陈述句定位到原文的某一段落后再确定与其关联的句子;
一是直接根据陈述句的意思、句型和其所有的关键词一步到位,找出与陈述句关联的原文句子;
(3)第三步:仔细阅读与陈述句关联的句子(一句或几句话),根据这些句子的信息及其规律与陈述句进行比较,运用下面介绍的做题技巧做出正确有判断。
2、做题步骤技巧注意事项:
(1)绝不可用先阅读原文后做题的步骤和方法;
(2)可以充分利用字典对关键词或关联句子进行翻译;
(3)注意7道陈述句的顺序,也就是说7道陈述句的出处是有顺序的,第一道题的答案应在文章的前部,第二道题的答案应在第一道题的答案之后,靠前的题应在靠前的段落寻找答案,靠后的题应在靠后的段落寻找答案。
这个规律有助于我们快速确定答案的位置,切记!
3、做题技巧(做出判断的方法):
由于本类考题是是非判断题,其本身是有一定规律的,做这种题用的方法也是与其它类型的题很不一样的,为了使在做题中能做到“快又准”,在找出了与陈述句选项关联的句子后,如何根据这些句子的信息及其规律与陈述句进行比较并做出正确有判断,介绍以下几种方法,希望能在《考试用书》中加以练习,并结合“答案与题解”,对症下药、灵活运用,绝忌一知半解、刻舟求剑。
(1)选Right(对)的情况有:
1)陈述句是对原文关联句子的同义改写或相同意思的另一种表达;
常见的方式有:
A、关键词是同义词或同义结构(如词汇选项一样),这可利用字典解决;
B、关键词是反义词(如加否定前缀un-,dis-,mis-,non-,ir-,il-等或后缀-less),而陈述句又用了否定的形式;
C、陈述句完全是对关联句子相同意思的另一种表达,或是对关联句子的某一重要词的解释;
2)陈述句是对原文中几个关联句子意思的必然性推断或是归纳和总结;
(这种情况一般是出现了相关联的几个句子,那么只有选对与错,如果关联句子之间意思是相反的,则只能是错的),
常见方式有:
A、出现与陈述句相关联的几个句子,各个句子之间是互相补充的关系;
B、出现与陈述句相关联的几个句子,各个句子之间是递进关系;
C、出现与陈述句相关联的几个句子,各个句子之间是对关键词的说明、解析。
(2)选Wrong(错)的情况有:(重点放在数词、副词、形容词和连词上)
1)陈述句与关联句子词义或意思相反;
常见方式有:
A、陈述句关键词与关联句子单词是反义词(单词加否定的前缀或后缀);
B、陈述句或关联句子用了否定或相反意思的副词(not,no)、形容词表示相反意思;
C、两者意思表达完全相反或者出入很大,要特别注意数字前后的连词、副词和形容词及短语(如nearly,***,at
least等等)
2)陈述句与关联句子使用了表示大小、多少、范围、频率、可能性和可靠性等不同程度和状态的副词、形容词和连词;
常见方式有:
A、两者只有一方使用了表示不同程度和状态的副词、形容词或连词,如much,some,many,a
few,little,seldom,nearly,sometimes,almost,always,usually,all,unlikely,impossible等等;
B、两者双方都使用了表示不同程度和状态和副词、形容词或连词,但它们意思出入较大,如关联句子用some,many,a
few,little,seldom,nearly,unlikely等,陈述句却用sometimes,almost,always,usually,all,impossible等;
3)关联句子是并列的多个条件,但陈述句只是其中一个条件(也就是选项中出现了must,only,need,have
to等);
常见方式有:
A、陈述句子中有must,only,need,have
to等表示绝对肯定一种情况的单词;
B、关联句子中有both,and,or,neither,nor,also,too等表示两种或多种情况的单词;
4)原文关联句子中包含条件状语的单词(如出现if,unless,until,in,with,but
for,except
for,as
as,whereas,whenever等),但陈述句中却没有条件成分,反之亦然。
5)原文关联句子是人们的主观感觉,而陈述句却是客观事实或被证实的事实,反之亦然,常出现feel,think,hope,consider,theory,fact,prove等等。
6)陈述句中若出现must,need,only,all,always,almost等单词时,一般不会是对的;
7)原文关联句子有几个,但意思相反。
如果以上太难记忆,我们可以直接记住以上的单词,一有出现,就直接选错,命中率也是很高的。
(3)选Not
Mentioned(不提及)的情况有:
1)陈述句中的某些内容在原文中没有提及或找不到依据,即是与原文无关;
2)陈述句中涉及的范围小于原文关联句子的范围,即是陈述句描写的内容更加具体、更加详尽;
如原文关联句子:I
come
from
China.
(我来自中国),陈述句:I
come
from
Guangdong
City
of
China.
(我来自中国广东省);
3)原文关联句子没有比较级,而陈述句中却用比较级;
4)原文关联句子是表示目的、愿望、发誓、想法、假想等主观意愿(如出现aim,purpose,promise,swear,vow或虚拟语气would,could等),陈述句却用实义动词。
如原文关联句子:My
brother
promised
he
would
never
come
back(我兄弟保证将永不回来),陈述句子My
brother
never
came
back.
(我兄弟再没有回来过).
当然,一般情况下,选Not
Mentioned(不提及)的情况占的比例是较少的,但若的确找不到原文关联句子或且在原文中的确没有提及到陈述句的内容时,最好还是选它。
4、做题的注意事项和要求:
(1)绝对忠于原文。由于这种判断题增加了Not
Mentioned(不提及)选项,所以,原文是判断答案的唯一依据,不能凭借任何自己的知识进行想当然的做题。
即使陈述句说“人是猴子变的”,如果原文没有说,也只能答Not
Mentioned(不提及),而不能凭常识答选Wrong(错);
(2)三个选项只有唯一性,没有可能性,对就对,错就错,不提及就是不提及。
如果有提及但又没有绝对判断是对的把握,建议选错;
如果在原文中与错对都没有关系或者在原文中没有涉及的,建议选不提及;
(3)一般情况下,7道题三种答案都要出现,其中对错出现的机率大,Not
Mentioned(不提及)只有在没有办法确定时才作为最后的选择,如果三种情况都有可能时,建设你选选Wrong(错);
(4)可能连续三题答案都一样,但连续四题答案都一样的情况甚少;
(5)绝对相信自己的第一感觉,只有完全肯定做错了才可以改答案;
(6)没有把握时选Wrong(错),没有涉及时选Not
Mentioned(不提及);
(7)不要想当然或钻牛角尖,考试时没有把握时,按以上的技巧和要求去做就行了。
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